زمینه الهیات و مسیح شناسی

Muslims argue that Jesus consistently denied being God by emphasizing His subordination and obedience to God the Father. Various scriptural references, such as John 7:16, John 14:24, and John 5:30, show that Jesus attributed His teachings, will, and power to God rather than claiming them as His own. Additionally, verses like Mark 13:32 and Matthew 24:36 highlight Jesus’ acknowledgment of His limited knowledge compared to God’s. The overall conclusion is that Jesus never explicitly stated, “I am God,” and instead identified Himself as sent by God, fulfilling God’s will and relying on God’s authority and power. This challenges the belief that Jesus implied His divinity and underscores His role as a servant and messenger of God.

Incarnation and Humility:

1. Philippians 2:5-7: “Have this mind among yourselves, which is yours in Christ Jesus, who, though he was in the form of God, did not count equality with God a thing to be grasped, but emptied himself, by taking the form of a servant, being born in the likeness of men.”
   • This passage illustrates that Jesus, though in the form of God, humbled Himself and took on human nature. This “emptying” (kenosis) is crucial in understanding why Jesus spoke in a manner that emphasized His submission to the Father.

Divine and Human Natures:

1. John 1:1, 14: “In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was with God, and the Word was God… And the Word became flesh and dwelt among us.”
   • The prologue of John affirms that Jesus (the Word) is God and became flesh. This dual nature (divine and human) is foundational to Christian theology.

Authority and Submission:

1. John 10:30: “I and the Father are one.”
   • Jesus’ statement here asserts a unity with the Father that goes beyond mere agreement or alignment in mission, implying a shared divine essence.

Recognition by Others:

1. Thomas’ confession in John 20:28: “Thomas answered him, ‘My Lord and my God!'”
   • Thomas directly calls Jesus God, and Jesus does not correct him, which would be expected if Jesus were merely a prophet or a teacher.

Addressing Specific Categories

Words: While Jesus often attributes His teaching to the Father (John 7:16, 14:24), this does not preclude His divinity. In the context of the Trinity, the Son’s role includes revealing the Father. His submission to the Father’s will and words demonstrates His role in the economy of salvation, not a denial of His divine nature.

Will: Jesus’ submission to the Father’s will (John 4:34, 6:38, Luke 22:42) is part of His incarnational role. The distinction of wills within the Trinity (Father, Son, Holy Spirit) does not imply inequality in nature but rather different roles and relationships.

Power: John 5:30 and similar verses emphasize Jesus’ functional subordination in His earthly ministry, not a denial of His divinity. The Trinity teaches co-equal persons with distinct roles.

Philippians 2:9-11 shows that Jesus, after His earthly ministry, is exalted and given the name above every name, indicating His divine status.

Knowledge: Mark 13:32: Jesus speaks from His human nature, which is limited in knowledge. His divine nature is omniscient, but in His incarnation, He accepted certain limitations.

Status: Mark 10:18: Jesus questions the rich young ruler to lead him to a deeper understanding, not to deny His own goodness or divinity.

John 8:58: “Jesus said to them, ‘Truly, truly, I say to you, before Abraham was, I am.'” Here, Jesus uses the divine name “I am” (Exodus 3:14), indicating His eternal existence and divinity.

نتیجه گیری

The statements of Jesus attributing words, will, power, knowledge, and status to the Father are understood within the framework of the incarnation and the Trinity. Jesus, while on earth, operated within the limitations of human nature and the role of the Son, demonstrating obedience and submission to the Father. This does not negate His divinity but highlights the mystery of the incarnation, where Jesus is God and man. The broader biblical narrative and the early church’s understanding affirm Jesus’ divine nature alongside His human experience.

The argument that Jesus denied being God relies on a selective reading of the texts without considering the full theological and historical context. Jesus’ divinity is affirmed in various New Testament passages and in the understanding of the early Christian community.