پیام عیسی از نظر قرآن چه بود؟

مسلمانان عموماً ادعا می‌کنند که عیسی اسلام را موعظه کرده است، اما اغلب معتقدند پیام او موفقیت پایداری پیدا نکرد زیرا به سرعت فاسد شد. اما این تعبیر با روایت قرآنی منافات دارد. برای درک بهتر این دیدگاه، آیات مرتبط را بررسی می کنیم.

Confirmation and Success of Jesus’ Preaching in the Qur’an:

• “I [Jesus] have come to you confirming that [book] which was before me, the Torah, and to make lawful to you some of what was forbidden to you. I have come to you with a sign from your Lord, so fear Allah and obey me. Indeed, Allah is my Lord and your Lord, so worship Him. That is the straight path. But when Jesus felt [persistence in] disbelief from them, he said, ‘Who are my supporters for [the cause of] Allah? The disciples said, We are supporters for Allah. We have believed in Allah and testify that we are Muslims [submitting to Him]” (Al-Imran 3:50-52). This passage suggests that Jesus had some measure of success in preaching Islam, as His disciples professed their belief in Allah and identified themselves as Muslims. Intriguingly, some of these disciples—Peter, Matthew, and John—are key figures in the New Testament. If they were indeed Muslims, why does their theology diverge so significantly from the Qur’an?
• “[Mention] when Allah said, O Jesus, indeed I will take you and raise you to Myself and purify you from those who disbelieve and make those who follow you [in submission to Allah alone] superior to those who disbelieve until the Day of Resurrection. Then to Me is your return, and I will judge between you concerning that in which you used to differ” (Al-Imran 3:55). Allah promises to elevate the status of Jesus’ followers over disbelievers until the Day of Resurrection. If Jesus had few genuine followers (i.e., Muslims), this promise would be difficult to comprehend. 
• “[The Day] when Allah will say, ‘O Jesus, Son of Mary, remember My favor upon you and upon your mother when I supported you with the Pure Spirit and you spoke to the people in the cradle and in maturity; and when I taught you writing and wisdom and the Torah and the Gospel; and when you designed from clay [what was] like the form of a bird with My permission, then you breathed into it, and it became a bird with My permission; and you healed the blind and the leper with My permission; and when you brought forth the dead with My permission; and when I restrained the Children of Israel from [killing] you when you came to them with clear proofs and those who disbelieved among them said, This is not but obvious magic. And [remember] when I inspired to the disciples, Believe in Me and in My messenger Jesus. They said, ‘We have believed, so bear witness that indeed we are Muslims [in submission to Allah]” (Al-Maida 5:110-111). This passage reiterates that Jesus’ disciples were Muslims. Notably, the story about Jesus creating birds from clay is absent from the Bible but appears in the Arabic Infancy Gospel, a sixth-century apocryphal text. Muhammad likely had access to this text, indicating a possible literary dependence.

Inheritance of the Book and Religious Continuity

• “He has ordained for you of religion what He enjoined upon Noah and that which We have revealed to you, [O Muhammad], and what We enjoined upon Abraham and Moses and Jesus, to establish the religion and not be divided therein. Difficult for those who associate others with Allah is that to which you invite them. Allah chooses for Himself whom He wills and guides to Himself whoever turns back [to Him]. And they did not become divided until after knowledge had come to them – out of jealous animosity between themselves. And if not for a word that preceded from your Lord, it would have been judged between them. And indeed, those who were granted inheritance of the Scripture after them are, concerning it, in disquieting doubt” (Al-Shura 42:13-14). The phrase “those who were granted inheritance of the Scripture after them” likely refers to those who inherited the scriptures of Abraham, Moses, and Jesus, underscoring a continuity of divine revelation.
• “O you who have believed, be supporters of Allah, as when Jesus, the son of Mary, said to the disciples, Who are my supporters for Allah? The disciples said, We are supporters of Allah. And a faction of the Children of Israel believed and a faction disbelieved. So We supported those who believed against their enemy, and they became dominant” (Al-Saff 61:14). This verse suggests that a group of Jews accepted Jesus’ Islamic teachings. However, historical records do not indicate a lasting impact on this group. Commentators often interpret the final sentence as referring to Christianity’s rise in the Roman Empire. Yet, the form of Christianity that triumphed espoused beliefs contrary to Islamic tenets, such as the divinity of Christ and His crucifixion, both of which the Qur’an denies.

The Qur’an presents Jesus as a prophet who preached Islam and had followers who were considered Muslims. However, the divergence between the theology of Jesus’ disciples in the New Testament and Islamic teachings and the absence of a lasting historical impact of these Muslim followers raises intriguing questions. The analysis of these qur’anic verses offers a complex view that challenges the straightforward narrative of Jesus’ message.